Elderly people with diabetes can eat what food? More points the best the best vegetables: asparagus, cabbage, celery, eggplant, purslane, mushrooms, bitter herbs, ginger, onion, radish, carrot, mushroom, cabbage, etc. . Best fruits: papaya, strawberries, oranges, ganzi kiwi, mango, apricot, persimmon, watermelon and so on. Best Meat: goose and duck the best broth: chicken soup. Best cooking oil: rice bran oil, sesame oil, vegetable oil and animal oil by adjusting the ratio of 1:0.5-1 Good food better. Good food: green beans, oats, buckwheat, soybeans and other grains and brown rice. Good brain food: walnuts, peanuts, pistachios, pine nuts, almonds, and so on. Guang Ji Hospital of Shanxi Scientific Group of Experts on diabetes diet Shugan breathing, Six in One \The research data confirm that diabetes is closely related to changes in diet and reasonable to adjust the diet tends to make science, treatment and prevention of diabetes is undoubtedly an effective method. This is what we usually say diet. It was the first of diabetes treatment, It has a history of over a hundred years. To sum up, diet can play in the treatment of diabetes effects the following aspects: 1, meet the physical needs of the nutrition provided to improve the patient's health status, maintaining the standard weight 2. reduce the burden of pancreatic B cells, which will help control postprandial hyperglycemia. 3, to correct metabolic disorders, blood sugar, blood lipid levels close to normal as possible. 4, prevention and treatment of low blood sugar, ketoacidosis and other acute complications. 5, to prevent and delayed cardiovascular, kidney, retina, and nervous system to chronic complications. II diabetes, common misconceptions about diet therapy in the treatment of diabetes diet used, although a long time, but the theory is derived mainly from the medical knowledge and personal experience of doctors summary, there is no a reliable and standard way to verify, so the schools and many divergent views on diet therapy, with the depth of understanding of many have been shown to be desirable, or even wrong, it is summarized as follows: 1, limiting carbohydrate intake, low-sugar diet advocates, the staple food to the so-called low-sugar foods buckwheat-based point of view. study confirmed that the main coarse grains, although the long-term to short term, these can reduce patients blood glucose levels, but not a good long-term control of blood sugar, and can lead to a body debilitating, chronic gastrointestinal inflammation such as the digestive system, but is not conducive to disease control. 2, simply attach importance to the improvement of local symptoms, while ignoring the overall condition, prevention of complications. If stand alone high-protein diet sugar, although short-term glycemic control can improve symptoms, but long term will increase the burden on the kidney, there is the risk of diabetic nephropathy induced. 3, the blind pursuit of efficacy, stress management, to the neglect of the patient's individual characteristics, needs, psychological , leading to poor patient compliance, not long-term adherence, treatment failure. 4, too much emphasis and dependence on medication, do not attach importance to the diet treatment, continues to follow the disease before the diet. Third, the principle of a dietary treatment of diabetes, controlling diabetes, total calories First, the total dietary calories to achieve control, but not total control of heat is simple to control the staple food, but including the staple food, non-staple food, especially high-calorie non-staple food such as meat, eggs, milk, including all the heat, which is calculated method takes into consideration the patient's age, sex, height, weight, work intensity and other factors. where the greatest impact on the heat demand is the weight and intensity, so we should focus on to be considered. The specific calculation steps are as follows: (1) Calculate the standard weight standards Weight (kg) = height (cm) -105 (cm) when more than 10% of the actual weight for the overweight, over 20% were obese, more than 40% of severe obesity. the actual weight of less than 10% of standard weight underweight, less than 20% weight loss. (2) body mass index body mass index (BMI) = actual body weight (kg) / [height �� height (m2)], body mass index (BMI) in the normal range of 20-24; BMI greater than 24 is overweight; BMI greater than 27 is obese. (3) Calculate the total energy calculation of the total calories of children: Children need to heat about 1 year old 1000Kcal, increase in every subsequent year-old 100Kcal, such as 5 years old to 1400Kcal, 10 years old To 1900Kcal. adolescent calculated total calories: To meet the growth needs of women daily calorie requirements 2400Kcal, men 3000Kcal. Adult calculated total heat press table: the labor intensity of different weight to be diabetic man-days of labor intensity of heat meters weight loss (kcal / kg) normal (kcal / kg) obesity (kcal / kg) moderately light manual labor 353020-25 heavy manual labor 45-504035 manual 403,530 pregnant women, lactating women, malnutrition and wasting disease appropriate, 10% -20%; 60 years old at the physical activity required to reduce total calories to 20% -30% reduction; long-term treatment of patients with diabetes exercise, you can increase or decrease based on the actual situation of total daily calories; In addition, calculations should also be appropriate, the original lifestyle of patients, so the total heat developed by both the scientific basis and practical. 2. reasonable arrangements for the various nutrients in the total calories in certain circumstances, how to arrange the proportion of various nutrients on is very important for people with diabetes. With in-depth clinical research and treatment methods improve the understanding of this issue has created a great change from the original low-sugar diet developed to the new understanding: increase the heating of carbohydrate ratio, increase the fiber content, to give adequate protein, less fat and cholesterol and sodium intake. (1) sugar (carbohydrates) Sugar is the main source of calories for every gram of sugar provides 4 kcal oxidation. the normal human body to be 65-80% of calories sugar in food. Sugar is also a human nervous tissue cells and certain antibodies and an important component hormone. In addition, there is resistance to fat, sugar and ketogenesis, in total fat oxidation, generates ketone bodies to prevent too more, glucose metabolism can also save for the protein, is conducive to tissue protein synthesis. but intake of sugary foods can cause blood sugar diabetes, clinical diabetes proved carbohydrate diet should be restricted, but not limit too low Otherwise, the disease but not easily controlled. In general, sugar in the proportion of total calories should not be less than 50%. for light normal fasting blood glucose diabetes, high glucose (65% -80%) can improve glucose tolerance, increased tissue sensitivity to insulin. For fasting blood glucose was significantly increased (> 11.1mmol / L) in patients with severe diabetes, sugar intake should be limited as appropriate, but not less than 200 grams, and may consider appropriate to increase fiber intake . sugar cereals, roots and tubers, legumes, nuts the main ingredient. Also vegetables and fruit also contain some carbohydrates. how to choose these foods should be considered in the following two aspects: First, with reference to glycemic index food food choices. glycemic index refers to the consumption of 50 grams of sugar with the kinds of foods measured 2-hour postprandial blood glucose with the consumption of 50 grams of glucose measured 2 hours after the blood glucose ratio, this value is different from the reaction of food on blood glucose effects. glycemic index of different foods (GI) values are different. The first is the amount of food and different with different types of sugar, we referred to as carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. The use of sugar and absorption is not the same. different sugars in the intestine digestion and absorption rate is different, so the appreciation of postprandial blood glucose, is different. GI values can guide diabetes food choices. diabetes in the selection process should pay attention to the food : (1) Food Category: Food GI value varies according to types of food (see table below); (2) Food processing methods: food processing methods can also affect blood sugar, such as starch, raw potato low GI value, higher after cooking; (3) Food composition and diet: If the ingredients do not digest the food more, GI value will be reduced, such as whole wheat bread, whole grain white bread and refined breakfast cereals than the value of low GI ; single Shiyong noodles, rice porridge when the GI value is high, if at the same time will reduce the number and vegetable. be noted that, fat such as fat, oil, butter can reduce the glycemic index, �� excessive consumption and diabetes would have an adverse impact. some food glycemic index GI value (%) of rice or glutinous rice, 88 wheat pasta 87 General 88.6 81.6 Black beef noodle wheat bread, whole wheat flour 69 50 based on the table, \medium GI foods, GI values, the lower the smaller the effect on postprandial blood sugar, lower glycemic index, blood glucose lower the generation rate. Thus, patients with diabetes under the \meals, to reduce the impact on blood sugar eating. Secondly, the food to be considered after the glucose absorption peak of the time difference: glucose the fastest, the general consumption of 0.5 hours to reach its peak, reached a peak 1 hour sucrose, starch up to 1.5 hours peak, the protein reached a peak 3 hours. in the food and drug selection should try to keep blood glucose peak time and peak time hypoglycemic drugs is consistent to the maximum hypoglycemic effect and prevent low blood sugar. (2) constitute the human protein-protein important component of the organization of the human body's growth and development, tissue cell turnover plays an extremely important role, while insufficient intake of sugar and fat and protein oxidation in the body can break down to provide energy. per gram of protein oxidation and decomposition of the energy generated by 4 kcal. diabetes on the protein requirements should be based on age, sex, physical condition and determined the intensity of labor. In general, protein should account for 10-15% of total calories daily, about 0.8-kg weight 1.2 grams. for infants, adolescents, pregnant women may be appropriate to increase the protein intake; for patients with diabetic nephropathy, due to high protein diet can aggravate the pathophysiology of glomerular lesions and should therefore be appropriate to reduce the protein intake, specifically for non- microalbuminuria per kilogram of body weight a day should be more than 1.0-1.2 grams, microalbuminuria should be a day per kilogram of body weight less than 0.8 grams of renal function per kilogram of body weight a day should be less than 0.6 grams. protein content higher food mainly meat, eggs, milk and beans, of which animal protein, rich in essential amino acids, digestible, high utilization, it is high-quality protein food for diabetics. legumes in the containing proteins is relatively low utilization rate of absorption is not easy to digest, so people should not eat lots of diabetes, particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy should be high quality protein-based. (3) Fat Fat is an essential source of energy for the body, usually in adipose tissue reserve , accelerated decomposition of hunger, supply heat. At the same time or form of its important components of the human body, plays an important physiological functions. fat comes mainly from vegetable oils and animal oils. The former is mainly unsaturated fatty acids, which mainly contains saturated fatty acids, diabetes often accompanied by dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism disorder and interaction, and therefore generally advocated low-fat diet (fat intake should be less than 50 grams / day, more than 100 grams / day for the high fat diet), daily fat intake should be 20-25% of total calories, about 1.6-2.0g/kg weight. for obesity and hyperlipidemia in patients with daily fat intake should be lower. daily intake of cholesterol should be below 300mg, equivalent to about one egg yolk cholesterol content. while fat intake to the main unsaturated fatty acids, low intake of saturated fatty acids, ie, vegetable oil-based, low intake of animal fat. (4) dietary fiber dietary fiber is a non-heat the polysaccharide, its physical and chemical properties are divided into two types soluble and non-soluble. non-soluble fiber are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, present in cereals and pulses in the seed coat and leaves and stems of plants Department; soluble cellulose pectin, carrageenan, guar gum, etc., in fruits, vegetables, seaweed, beans, rich content. diet to increase fiber ingredients can improve blood sugar, insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents to reduce the amount. We have been the view that diabetes should be intake of high fiber diet, it seems that the higher the better diet contained Qianwei Su, but the latest study confirmed that fibers do not necessarily add a lot of good produce Gaishan on the role of blood glucose and lipids, but will affect food taste, on the gastrointestinal tract irritation, so people with diabetes need daily intake of the normal adult standards to 25-35 grams of dietary fiber. of nutrition recommendations are also within this range for the day 30.2 grams. (5) vitamins and minerals vitamins though simple, less content, but on human health has played a very important role. But the vitamins are not better. Therefore, under normal circumstances, people with diabetes do not vitamin deficiency symptoms, eating correctly, there is no need to specifically vitamin supplements, as long as a reasonable diet with it. minerals in the body physical activity also plays an important role, but there are many new ideas now that the diabetes and the body lack of some trace elements, of course, these ideas have yet to be scientifically proven. so interested in people with diabetes is not recommended to supplement these minerals, to prevent harm than good. 3. scientific organization of three meals a day to control blood sugar, to correct metabolic disorders, reduced blood glucose fluctuations in people with diabetes should eat regular meals, and can be divided into three meals a day, and the main staple food and sugar, fat and protein with a reasonable. As the early morning and evening in patients with normal blood sugar more difficult to control, so meals can be 1 / 5 2 / 5, 2 / 5 allocation. for insulin injections, hypoglycemia in young patients or patients with easier, consider snacks, in addition to breakfast, lunch and dinner, but may be in the morning, afternoon and evening before going to bed each appropriate snacks, main meals which 70% of total calories, snacks accounted for 30% or so. taking into account the types of food on blood glucose and energy supply characteristics, combined with ordinary people's living habits, the general should be on the breakfast soy milk, meat should be on the lunch and dinner should be light vegetarian. because people are more active during the day, you need more heat, less active at night, while low glycemic index protein, it is suggested by the above program distribution. In short, the scientific and rational The food habits and diets may be summarized for the three words: morning, eat, eat lunch, eat at few; thickness of the food mix suitable meat, eggs and vegetables every meal are; every meal-eighth full, next meal without hunger 4.. less drinking, no smoking, eating Yiqing the sight of people living in China, occupies a certain position, so in the treatment of diabetes diet drinking has been a matter of concern. In the past diet theory always thought that drinking will elevate blood pressure, induced complications, so in principle, to allow people with diabetes drink, but in recent years, a large-scale study published in the United States confirmed that blood pressure and alcohol consumption showed the relationship between the U- distribution, that is a small amount of alcohol the lowest risk of high blood pressure, drinking and heavy drinking completely the risk of elevated blood pressure will increase. In addition, data confirm that alcohol consumption can increase insulin sensitivity, prevention of type 2 diabetes, increasing HDL levels, reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke risk. whereby a small amount of people with diabetes to drink alcohol daily. As for what wine to drink, although people claim type is not important, the key is the total content. We thought, to drink a small amount of red, dry white is preferred, followed by white wine, beer drinking is not recommended, because beer Gengyi raise blood sugar. At the same time to pay attention to prevention of alcohol when the incidence of low blood sugar. Smoking can be excited sympathetic, so that glycemic hormone secretion, leading to elevated blood sugar, so diabetics should be prohibited from smoking. Moreover diabetic diet should be light and salt intake of 6 grams per day, no more than 10 grams, if there is high blood pressure, edema will have to further reduce the time to 5 grams per day less to reduce the occurrence of diabetes the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hello: Diabetes patients not eat food taboos: sugar, brown sugar, glucose sweets and sugar manufacturing If the sugar, pastries, jams, honey, preserves, ice cream and so on. Eat: potatoes, yams, taro, lotus root, onion, carrots, lard, suet, cream, butter, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, egg yolk, liver and kidney, brain. Yi Shi: coarse grains such as buckwheat, oatmeal, cornmeal, soybeans and soy products, vegetables. diabetic patients during the treatment likely to cause hypoglycemia, when the blood glucose lowering too fast, there were hypoglycemia. Adult Diabetes patients are usually omitted because of time or eating dinner or delay caused by intense exercise and hypoglycemia. mild hypoglycemia symptoms include paralysis of the mouth, clammy skin, feeling of chest vibration and hunger. how is it treated? you only need to take ready-made sugar class. drink sweet drinks, for example, clear juice or soda, or eat a piece of candy, and keep it with candy, just in case.
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