Radical prescription for diabetes or diabetes treatment that affect people's health and life of the common diseases, are endocrine and metabolic diseases, high blood sugar as the main indicator, the clinical emergence of polydipsia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, weight loss , urine and other performance. diabetes because insulin secretion caused by absolute or relative shortage of glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism and water and electrolyte metabolism disorders. pathogenesis of diabetes can be any age, but the average age of 60 or older prevalence rate of 4.05%. diabetic ketoacidosis is the critical condition of diabetes is caused by the serious shortage of insulin, patients abnormally high blood sugar, dehydration, rapid access to coma, shock, respiratory failure, mortality rate was 10%. ( a) diabetic ketoacidosis is the critical situation: when a variety of incentives for increased diabetes when the body break down fat, accelerate the decomposition of fat, fatty acids, a large number of fatty acid oxidation by the liver to ketone bodies ��, �� �� hydroxybutyrate ketone bodies is acid, acetoacetic acid, acetone in general. ketone bodies in blood under normal circumstances few, for the 2 mg / 100 ml of blood, urine ketone bodies can not be detected. In ketoacidosis, the blood ketone bodies increased to 50 mg / 100 ml blood or more known ketonemia; ketones appear in urine, called ketones in urine. ketone bodies accounted for the main part of the acidic material, a large consumption of the body's reserve base, and gradually metabolic acidosis. ketoacidosis When the symptoms of diabetes patients increased, accompanied by the performance of ketoacidosis. (b) incentive diabetic ketoacidosis: 1, insulin-treated diabetes treatment interruption improper or inappropriate reductions; hypoglycemic agents or a sudden withdrawal the amount is inadequate; without formal treatment of diabetes. 2 diabetes complicated by pneumonia infection, urinary infection, gangrene and other infections. 3, overeating or improper diet diet section (clean) cause vomiting, diarrhea. 4, other serious trauma or surgery. pregnancy and childbirth. (c) clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis: an early increase of the phenomenon, such as diabetes, extreme thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, general weakness. 2, loss of appetite and rapid deterioration , nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal distention. severe abdominal pain, often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen. When ketoacidosis improves, abdominal pain soon disappeared. 3, mental and respiratory symptoms, headache, lethargy, irritability, deep breathing large, may have a rotten apple breath, the smell of high concentrations of heavy ketones. 4, dehydration because of diarrhea caused by diuresis and vomiting. The patient dry skin, poor flexibility, eye subsidence, indifference, and soon into a coma. the loss of water appears weak pulse, hypotension, cold extremities, such as shock performance. Some patients have fever, body temperature 38 ~ 39 ��. 5, orange check urine sugar tests �� ~ ��, ketone-positive; blood glucose increased significantly, the majority of 300 600 mg / per 100 ml of blood (16.7 mmol 33.3 mmol / liter blood), a few up to 1000 mg / per 100 ml of blood (55.5 mmol / liter of blood); blood ketone bodies increased. Other laboratory tests can be abnormal, such as elevated white blood cell count, serum sodium, chloride, potassium ions can be reduced. 6, attention and other cases were identified coma caused by diabetes in the family, sudden coma, the most likely to have two cases, one is lead to ketoacidosis, and another may be hypoglycemic coma, usually in blood glucose below 50 mg / per 100 ml of blood (2.8 mmol / liter of blood) occurs, manifested as pale, cold sweats, confusion, but breathing, heart rate is still generally good. injection of glucose in patients after rapid alert. in the family can not identify the two coma, should be sent to the hospital for examination before making a deal. (d) aid measures: (1) application of insulin. This is the key to saving treatment. must be applied under the guidance of the hospital or doctor. the condition of patients, or intravenous injection or intravenous infusion of subcutaneous regular insulin. generally appropriate, subcutaneous injection of 12 to 20 units per hour, and then given intravenous 4 to 8 units of volume infusion, most of the control of the disease within 24 hours, and you should disable the other hypoglycemic agents. (2) to correct dehydration. can be orally administered orally as drinking water. unconscious patients should be given intravenous fluids, within 24 hours 3000 ~ 6000 ml infusion, heart disease or patients with poor renal function reduction as appropriate. (3) the first lateral unconscious patients, the timely removal of vomit, and oral hygiene to maintain airway patency. There hypoxia by giving oxygen, has been infection of the appropriate application of antimicrobial agents. (4) a detailed record of the patient's intake and output, such as drinking water, food intake, vomiting and the amount of urine, then the amount reported to the doctor, to provide basis for the diagnosis and treatment. (5), diabetic ketoacidosis acid poisoning disease complex, serious, rapid development, both before and after treatment for a variety of tests to check to adjust the insulin dosage, the amount and type of infusion. The best patient sent to hospital for treatment to avoid serious consequences. diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) the proportion of 50% or more. diabetic skin lesions Reference: Diabetes is due to the body caused by insufficient insulin secretion to glucose metabolism disorder mainly of the disease. disease characterized by hyperglycemia and the emergence of urine. The main showed polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and fatigue. can cause severe illness and severe dehydration, ketoacidosis, circulatory failure and coma and even death. Health Guide: A. control diet: The key is to control diabetes diet. through diet control, can promote the disappearance of urine, fasting blood glucose to normal, correcting metabolic disorders, prevention of various complications. should be based on patient body weight, measured the intensity of labor required for the amount of staple food. not more than 250 grams of staple food per day . If further feeling of hunger, increase some containing both high in fiber and vegetables can reduce the amount of blood sugar, such as onions, celery, kelp, spinach and so on. protein food such as soy, milk, lean meat are all edible, adult daily intake of 1 gram per kilogram of body weight; pregnant women, breastfeeding, malnutrition and infection, the daily per kilogram of body weight from 1.2 to 1.5 g; kg of body weight per day for children 2-3 grams. fat intake should be based on the patient's specific circumstances, the general daily per kilogram of body weight from 0.6 to 1 g, a total of about 50-60 grams. Obese patients should eat less fatty food, not more than 40 grams a day, weight loss patients to the appropriate increased fat mass, but in principle it can more than double the sugar. choose a variety of vegetable oils for cooking oil. limit intake of brains, egg yolks, eggs, animal offal and other foods with high cholesterol to reduce blood lipid levels, improve blood viscosity to prevent coronary heart disease and hypertension. because of the reduced staple food, intake of vitamin B1 deficiency, easy to produce numbness embolism, can be given to coarse grains, beans, brown rice and other foods rich in vitamin B1 consumption. II. Food Taboo: alcohol and tobacco products are Xin Wen, will add to the patient thirsty, drinking symptoms, should quit Ji Jiu. not eat sugar, including candy, jam, preserves, all kinds of desserts, ice cream, noodles, lotus root starch, potato , carrots and other foods with high sugar content, which can effectively prevent the blood sugar and reduce complications. not eat onions, ginger, garlic and other spicy stimulation products. should be salt and light diet, eat fresh vegetables, such as melon, mung bean, wolfberry head, Malan top. hypoglycemic effect of milk have lower blood sugar, usually can take, each 25 grams of warm boiled water. III. work and rest: the average patient can participate in normal work, but not overworked. to control sexual . to maintain the spirit of optimism and avoid mental trauma. exercise can enhance glucose tolerance and reduced dependence on insulin, reducing insulin requirements, lower blood sugar, improve blood lipid metabolism. appropriate exercise can control obesity. Select jogging, Walking, eighteen law practice, aerobics, tai chi and other projects, from short-term, small amount of exercise started and perseverance. However, fasting and severe diabetes should not exercise to prevent hypoglycemia shock and other diseases. IV. urine self-test : should have the self-test method for urine. equipment just acquired an alcohol lamp, glass test tubes, dropper, long-handled wooden clamps and test tube brush each one, a bottle of copper sulfate solution of compound (also known as spot reagent), Some 95% alcohol. When you first use the dropper to take 20 drops of reagent on the test tube, add 2 drops of patient's urine shake, wood clamp test tube, test tube tilted 45 degrees, the bottom of the tube on the alcohol lamp heating boil 1 minute, cooled liquid color changes observed in vitro. If the urine is still blue-negative, suggesting that sugar-free urine. If the green was, "+" with a little sugar in urine; yellow-green for the "+ +" ; of yellow to reddish brown to "++++"�� "+++"; from green to red-brown, suggesting that urine volume from less to more changes. through the self-test, patients can self-regulate food intake, known efficacy adjust the dose. five. CARE: According to statistics, about 25 ~ 30% have family history of diabetes. young men and women with a family history of diabetes should avoid mating with each other. fetuses of women with diabetes suffer from a high incidence of congenital malformations fetus at three times the normal women. multiple pregnancies can be induced diabetes. female patients must have fundamental control the disease before pregnancy and childbirth. treatment of diabetes Second Act contains tea, sugar, a decrease of blood sugar. as long as the tea leaves are soaked in cold water, you can learn more sugar to the tea. Therefore, drinking tea with cold water to control diabetes. Yizi a pig, washed repeatedly with cold water first, then cut into small pieces, then wash in cold water, Daily fasting swallowed 10 small pieces (about 6 grams), old wine to send the next, and even served a month, can cure diabetes. diabetes (diabetic abbreviation DM, is a sweet meaning of polyuria), diabetes is a common chronic metabolic diseases. used to call "a little", accompanied by fatigue, weakness, and lack of energy, if not ideal treatment, easy to concurrent cardiovascular, kidney, retina and nervous system, chronic degenerative and a variety of infections, severe ketoacidosis can occur. even lead to disability or death, said diabetes is diabetes medicine disease, diabetes and that the "lungs", "stomach" "kidney" three most closely related to dirty their The main pathogenesis for the kidney and lung and stomach heat, cause mostly been very emotional, excessive alcohol, over eating and living uncontrolled fertilizer due to Gan. According to the "Chronicles" the severity of symptoms is different from medicine to points "three consumer" that is on the consumer to drink more, eat as the consumer, polyuria for the next elimination. pathogenesis of diabetes etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes is very complex, not yet fully elucidated, the traditional doctrine that the following factors: First, genetic factors universally acknowledged that diabetes is a genetic disease, genetic studies have shown that the incidence of diabetes in the blood relatives and non-blood relatives were significantly different, the former is 5 times higher than the latter. In diabetes, the etiology of type �� The importance of genetic factors was 50% in type �� diabetes mellitus in 90% of its importance, thus causing the genetic factors of diabetes type �� was higher than that of type �� diabetes mellitus. Second, the mental factors over the past decade, Chinese and foreign scholars mental factors identified in the diabetes, the development of the role that the tension associated with mental, emotional excitement and all kinds of stress, elevated blood sugar can cause a large number of hormone secretion, such as growth hormone, norepinephrine, pancreatic glucagon and adrenal cortex hormones. Third, the obesity factor in obesity is now considered an important induction of diabetes by about 60% -80% of adult diabetic patients are obese prior to the onset, the degree of obesity and diabetes rate was directly proportional to a basic research material that: As we age, physical activity gradually decreased, the proportion of muscle and fat body is also changing. from 25 to 75 years, muscle tissue decreased by 47% reduction in total body weight to 36%, while fat from 20% to 36%, the Department of the elderly, especially in obese older adults with diabetes more than fat, increased significantly one of the main. Fourth, the long-term food intake too much rather than too much restraint, excess nutrients, so that there is already a potential ��-cell dysfunction of insulin overload, induced by diabetes. now at home and abroad have formed a "living richer, more full body, diabetes increases the more" concept. recent years, with Diabetes research and awareness of the deepening of molecular biology, electron microscopy ultrastructure, immunology, physiology and biochemistry, and other point of view control cable on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes has a new understanding. five, infected juvenile diabetes and a significant relationship between viral infection, the infection itself does not induce diabetes, diabetes can only be invisible outside of the obvious. VI, the number of pregnancy-related diabetes experts found that the incidence of pregnancy related to multiple pregnancy weakening easy to make genetic factors to induce diabetes. seven current scientific view that genetic factors of diabetes is caused by several genetic damage: �� diabetes --- the sixth man on the short arm of chromosome HLA-D DNA damage; �� diabetes - insulin gene, insulin receptor gene, glucose dissolved gene and mitochondrial DNA damage. In short, no matter what type of diabetes, either because of genetic susceptibility to the disease, or environmental factors, incidence of viral infection, in the final analysis are the result of genetic damage. In other words, diabetes is a genetic disease. blacklist of genes can lead to diabetes, has been written into the medical school "are within the science textbooks," fourth edition 1996. diabetes clinic of the two types of points: 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ie, �� diabetes) frequently occurring in the 30 years of age, but can onset in adulthood or even old age, this type of patients with late onset, severe illness, prone to ketoacidosis, coma, some patients by severe insulin therapy, islet ��-cell function have different degrees of improvement. individual patients even in a period of time can be treated without insulin. 2, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ie, type �� diabetes), mainly in the adults or the elderly, patients with slow onset, the disease more light, multi-body obesity, can lower plasma insulin levels, normal or high, �� a high incidence of diabetes, accounting for the number of diabetes incidence of about 90%. What are the symptoms of diabetes? typical symptoms of "more than three a less ": polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss. except for a few more than three, there are the following examination and diagnosis in a timely manner: 1 meal or 2-3 hours before lunch and before dinner often appear flustered, fatigue , sweating, dizziness, hunger and other symptoms 2, frequent purulent skin infection in 3, there are many women of childbearing age abortion, fetal malformation,, fetal macrosomia, polyhydramnios, etc. 4 a history of women recurrent urinary tract infections, genital itching often 5, male impotence occurs in 6, unexplained heavy limbs, numbness, leg pain or cramps 7, sudden vision loss, and the reason unknown 8, the elderly unexplained coma, hypertension, crown heart disease such as 9, unexplained limb necrosis in 10, premature arteriosclerosis and hypertension in 11, physical weakness, weight loss, growth retardation and other unexplained why the incidence of diabetes in urban than in rural areas high? higher income urban residents, intake of fat and sugar may be compared to more rural areas. manual small increase in obesity, stress widely in all aspects, resulting in diabetes the opportunity to increase. On the other hand, the city with diabetes, due to medical, environmental, self- excellent maintenance and other factors, diabetic patients are living longer, carry some recessive genetic diseases also increased the opportunity, therefore, the incidence of diabetes cities than in rural areas high. six major complications of diabetes in human disease, a chronic disease and by the rise to many diseases, diabetes, comes as the former first. According to our statistics, the result of diabetic heart, brain, liver, lung, kidney, eyes, limbs, skin, nerves and other acute or chronic complications, including over 80 . We have a common clinical and causing great suffering to patients with chronic physical and mental complications, there is the following: 1, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Diabetes is often associated with high blood cholesterol, hypertension, atherosclerosis very susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. diabetic heart disease usually refers to diabetes complicated by or associated with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, to microvascular disease, autonomic dysfunction, and heart rate caused by cardiac dysfunction. 2, diabetic nephropathy diabetic nephropathy, diabetic patients is a very serious disease hazard. lesions can affect renal vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial. common renal diabetic kidney damage ball sclerosis, small arterial nephrosclerosis, pyelonephritis, renal papillary necrosis, urinary protein. One of diabetic glomerular sclerosis is specific to renal complications of diabetes, often called clinical diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes nephropathy is the cause of death in patients with diabetes is an important reason. 3, diabetic eye disease. concurrent diabetes are common eye diseases 7: diabetic retinopathy, diabetic membrane pigmented lesions, diabetic cataract, diabetic nerve changes in diabetic retinopathy fat hyperlipidemia, diabetes, glaucoma, diabetes, refractive changes. One of the most common is diabetic retinopathy, which is a major cause of diabetes, blindness, followed by diabetes, cataract, diabetes, damage to vision is the most common complications. 4, diabetic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy, diabetes occurs in the nervous system, the general term for a variety of diseases. It covers the autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, motor system, peripheral nervous system and so on. which Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common complications of diabetes. peripheral neuropathy is divided into multiple neuropathy and peripheral neuropathy. lesions may be unilateral, can be bilateral, can be symmetrical, can be asymmetrical. outstanding performance for the lower limbs numbness, pain, associated with needle-like, burning feeling like an exception, it is difficult to endure. Some patients may present spontaneous pain or pain in lightning-like knife-like pain. 5, diabetes, sexual dysfunction in most patients with diabetes have erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, low sexual desire, sexual dysfunction, menstrual disorders, etc., simultaneously with the symptoms of diabetes, but after most of the symptoms of diabetes appear. medicine that the impact of diabetes on sexual function may be associated with vascular disease, pelvic autonomic neuropathy related. 6, diabetic lower extremity lower limb gangrene diabetic gangrene disease is due to lack of good long-term control of diabetes, atherosclerosis, there has been lower extremity macrovascular and microvascular pathological changes. pathogenesis of his is this: When diabetic patients after lower limb atherosclerosis, vascular endothelial cell injury, red blood cells, platelet aggregation and enhanced, so that the blood is hypercoagulable state, promote thrombosis, resulting in vascular obstruction caused by stenosis, resulting in lower extremity or central ischemia and hypoxia in order to gangrene occur. What is the gestation period Diabetes? gestational diabetes What are the characteristics? Gestational diabetes refers to the occurrence or discovery of diabetes during pregnancy, maternal diabetes before pregnancy have not included, the incidence rate is about 1% of pregnant women - 2%, pregnancy found who have diabetes should be to reduce the amount of diabetes treatment. gestational diabetes have the following characteristics: 1, pre-pregnancy diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance was not found. 2, gestational diabetes food effects on the fetus to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery and Perinatal death is more common, more children birth great. full version see here: sljk / ybjb / nfm / tnb.htm
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